陶瓷相对锌铝基合金激光重熔区表面硬度的影响

以Zn-35%Al合金为研究对象, 研究了陶瓷相对锌铝基合金激光重熔区表面硬度的影响. 结果表明 含Al2O3陶瓷表层经激光处理后的显微硬度高于表层不含Al2O3陶瓷直接激光处理的试样, 并在过渡区出现了第二个硬度峰值. 采用AES, TEM分析发现, δ-Al2O3相的存在是造成这一结果的主要原因.     

TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程数值模拟的试验验证

TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程较其它铸造过程的充型有很大的不同,它是在重力场、离心力场及科里奥利力场共同作用下完成的充型过程。本文通过对离心铸造充型过程的液体进行受力分析,依据描述流体流动行为的N-S方程及连铸性方程,建立了TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程数值模拟模型,为研究TiAl基合金排气阀离心铸造充型过程及缺陷形成规律提供了新的研究方法,模拟结果和试验结果相吻合。     

CREEP BEHAVIORS OF Pt-RE ALLOYS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

The creep behaviors of Pt-RE alloys have been studied at 1200℃ and 1400℃.The results show that asmall amount of RE elements improves the creep behaviors of platinum greatly.The creep behaviors of PtGd0.5,PtLa0.5 and PtLa0.3 Gd0.2,are best among all the alloys studied.As far as the creep behaviors are concerned,the traditional heat-resistance alloy PtGd10 can be replaced by PtGd0.5.Particularly,the properities of PtGd0.5are near to those of PtRb10.For most of the Pt-RE alloys,long-time,static,super high-temperature treatment inair is of no advantage to the creep rupture life.The mechanisms of the effects of rare-earths on high-temperaturecreep properties of platinum are discussed.     

稀土元素对钯室温电学性能的影响

研究了稀浓度(0.6at％以下)稀土元素(La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Er、Yb)对钯的室温电学性能的影响。所有稀土元素均提高钯的电阻率(p)、降低电阻温度系数(α),实验结果与理论分析证明(p·α)_((?)d-RE)d=(p·α)_(Pd)。Gd以前的稀土元素降低钯的对铜热电势(ε),其余重稀土元素增大钯的对铜热电势。按0.1at％RE归一化处理的实验数据表明,轻稀土元素对钯电阻率的影响稍大于重稀土,但Ce、Eu、Yb呈反常影响,化合价和尺寸因素是影响电学性能的主要因素。     

Damage quantification in aluminium alloys using in situ tensile tests in X-ray tomography

This paper presents results obtained using in situ tensile experiments allowing the observation of damage nucleation, growth and coalescence. Three different aluminium alloys (2024, 7449 and 5754) exhibiting various mechanical properties were chosen to produce a wide data base. Smooth and notched axisymetric samples were cut out of the raw materials to introduce different levels of initial stress triaxiality using the geometry of the samples. In the different cases, the damage steps (initiation, growth and coalescence) were clearly visualised during interrupted and continuous in situ tensile tests in synchrotron X-ray tomography. The imaging was performed with a voxel size of 1.6 μm. The X-ray tomography method also gives a precise image of the outer shape of the sample and its change during deformation can then be analysed. This allows to calculate precisely the true strain vs true stress curve and also an approximation of the stress triaxiality using the Bridgman formula. The results show that damage can be visualised but also quantified precisely in the different cases in terms of nucleation and growth, coalescence being also evident in the results but still hard to quantify so far. Finally, a previously developed model for damage growth during ductile straining based on the Rice and Tracey approach can be fitted to the results.     

Influence of chemical composition on the damping characteristics of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys

Cu–XAl–4Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) are capable of martensitic transformation across a wide temperature range through the precise adjustment of their chemical composition from X = 13.0 to 14.5. In addition, the variations in chemical composition significantly influence the internal friction characteristics of Cu–XAl–4Ni SMAs. Cu–XAl–4Ni SMAs with a higher content of Al exhibit lower internal friction peaks due to decreases in the amount of transformed martensite and the formation of γ₂ phase precipitates. The damping capacity of the inherent and intrinsic internal friction for Cu–13.5Al–4Ni SMA is extremely low due to the fact that the transformed β^′₁(18R)${{\beta }^{\prime }}_1(18\text{R})$ martensite has only an ordered 9R structure with stacking faults. The Cu–14.0Al–4Ni SMA exhibits a relative increase in the inherent and intrinsic damping capacity because the transformed γ^′₁(2H)${{\gamma }^{\prime }}_1(2\text{H})$ martensite exhibits twinning with abundant moveable twin boundaries.     

Implementation of a constitutive model in finite element method for intense deformation

Since the constitutive information is one of the most important aspects of material deformation analysis, here a new constitutive model is proposed that can investigate the behavior of material during intense deformation better than existent models. The model that is completely based on physical mechanisms can predict all stages of flow stress evolution and also can elucidate the effects of strain and strain rate on flow stress evolution of material during intense plastic deformation. Here as an application, implementation of the constitutive model in finite element method (FEM) is used to compare two methods of sever plastic deformation (SPD) processes of copper sheet; repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) and constrained groove pressing (CGP). The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental data and show that the hardness uniformity and its magnitude for RCSed sheet are higher than that for CGPed sheet. However, the prominence of these processes in strain uniformity depends on pass number.     

Metallurgical parameters controlling the microstructure and hardness of Al–Si–Cu–Mg base alloys

Castings were prepared from both experimental and industrial 319 alloy melts containing 0–0.6 wt% Mg. Test bars were cast in two different cooling rate molds, a star-like permanent mold and an L-shaped permanent mold, with DASs of 24 μm and 50 μm, respectively. The bars were tempered at 180 °C (T6 treatment) and 220 °C (T7 treatment) for 2–48 h. The results showed that Mg content, aging conditions, and cooling rate have a significant effect on the microstructure of both experimental and industrial alloys and, consequently, on the hardness. The addition of Mg resulted in the precipitation of the β-Mg₂Si, Q-Al₅Mg₈Cu₂Si₆, π-Al₈Mg₃FeSi₆ and of the block-like θ-Al₂Cu phases. The Mg and Cu, as well as the higher cooling rates improved the hardness values, especially in the T6 heat-treated condition, whereas the addition of Sr decreased these values.     

Finite element analysis of the effect of welding heat input and layer number on residual stress in repair welds for a stainless steel clad plate

Stainless steel clad plate is widely used in petroleum, chemical and medicine industries due to its good corrosion resistance and high strength. But cracks are often formed in clad layer during the manufacture or service, which are often repaired by repair welding. In order to ensure the structure integrity, the effects of residual stress need to be considered. The objective of this paper is to estimate the residual stress and deformation in the repair weld of a stainless steel clad plate by finite element method. The effects of heat input and welding layer number on residual stresses and deformation have been studied. The results show that large residual stresses have been generated in the repair weld. The heat input and layer number have great effects on residual stress distribution. With the heat input and welding layer number increasing, the residual stresses are decreased. Using multiple-layer welding and higher heat input can be useful to decrease the residual stress, which provides a reference for optimizing the repair welding technology of this stainless steel clad plate.